1.
Yu, Quantao; Mishra, Deepak; Wang, Hua; He, Dongxuan; Yuan, Jinhong; Matthaiou, Michail
Toward LoRa-Based LEO Satellite IoT: A Stochastic Geometry Perspective Journal Article
In: IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 12, no. 15, pp. 30725–30738, 2025, ISSN: 2327-4662.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Access probability, Analytical models, Interference, Internet of Things, Long-Range (LoRa), LoRa, Low earth orbit satellites, Performance analysis, Rayleigh channels, Satellite broadcasting, satellite Internet of Things (IoT), Satellites, stochastic geometry (SG), Uplink
@article{yu_toward_2025,
title = {Toward LoRa-Based LEO Satellite IoT: A Stochastic Geometry Perspective},
author = {Quantao Yu and Deepak Mishra and Hua Wang and Dongxuan He and Jinhong Yuan and Michail Matthaiou},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11007561},
doi = {10.1109/JIOT.2025.3571928},
issn = {2327-4662},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-08-01},
urldate = {2025-10-08},
journal = {IEEE Internet of Things Journal},
volume = {12},
number = {15},
pages = {30725–30738},
abstract = {Recently, Long-Range (LoRa)-based low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite Internet of Things (IoT) has garnered growing interest from both academia and industry, since it can guarantee pervasive connectivity in an energy-efficient and cost-effective manner. In this article, we provide a novel spherical stochastic geometry (SG)-based analytical framework for characterizing the uplink access probability of LoRa-based LEO satellite IoT system. Specifically, multiple classes of LoRa end-devices (EDs) are taken into consideration, where each class of LoRa EDs is modeled by an independent Poisson point process (PPP). Both the channel characteristics of the satellite-to-Earth communications and the unique features of the LoRa network are considered to derive closed-form analytical expressions for the uplink access probability of such a new paradigm. Moreover, the nontrivial impact of the spreading factor, the ED’s density, the orbit altitude, and the satellite effective beamwidth on the system performance is thoroughly investigated. Extensive numerical simulations are conducted, which not only validate the accuracy of our theoretical analysis but also provide useful insights into the practical design and implementation of LoRa-based LEO satellite IoT system.},
keywords = {Access probability, Analytical models, Interference, Internet of Things, Long-Range (LoRa), LoRa, Low earth orbit satellites, Performance analysis, Rayleigh channels, Satellite broadcasting, satellite Internet of Things (IoT), Satellites, stochastic geometry (SG), Uplink},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Recently, Long-Range (LoRa)-based low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite Internet of Things (IoT) has garnered growing interest from both academia and industry, since it can guarantee pervasive connectivity in an energy-efficient and cost-effective manner. In this article, we provide a novel spherical stochastic geometry (SG)-based analytical framework for characterizing the uplink access probability of LoRa-based LEO satellite IoT system. Specifically, multiple classes of LoRa end-devices (EDs) are taken into consideration, where each class of LoRa EDs is modeled by an independent Poisson point process (PPP). Both the channel characteristics of the satellite-to-Earth communications and the unique features of the LoRa network are considered to derive closed-form analytical expressions for the uplink access probability of such a new paradigm. Moreover, the nontrivial impact of the spreading factor, the ED’s density, the orbit altitude, and the satellite effective beamwidth on the system performance is thoroughly investigated. Extensive numerical simulations are conducted, which not only validate the accuracy of our theoretical analysis but also provide useful insights into the practical design and implementation of LoRa-based LEO satellite IoT system.
2.
Li, Qingchao; El-Hajjar, Mohammed; Cao, Kaijun; Xu, Chao; Haas, Harald; Hanzo, Lajos
Holographic Metasurface-Based Beamforming for Multi-Altitude LEO Satellite Networks Journal Article
In: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, pp. 1–1, 2025, ISSN: 1558-2248, (arXiv:2501.04164 [cs]).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Array signal processing, Computer architecture, Downlink, holographic metasurface, hybrid beamforming, inter-satellite interference, Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication, Low earth orbit satellites, Metasurfaces, Precoding, Satellite broadcasting, Satellite communications, Satellites, stochastic geometry, Throughput
@article{li_holographic_2025,
title = {Holographic Metasurface-Based Beamforming for Multi-Altitude LEO Satellite Networks},
author = {Qingchao Li and Mohammed El-Hajjar and Kaijun Cao and Chao Xu and Harald Haas and Lajos Hanzo},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10844052/?casa_token=5kb4rgy_qqAAAAAA:Qy4zV9IQ3FSfC6Cy7it5EvcxjQM2a675RSsbRiRKNPsADHjWFXZ0VHem5zJ_dVf5IBDhE6R2sg},
doi = {10.1109/TWC.2025.3527962},
issn = {1558-2248},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-01-01},
urldate = {2025-02-24},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications},
pages = {1–1},
publisher = {arXiv},
abstract = {Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are capable of improving the global Internet service coverage. In this context, we propose a hybrid beamforming design for holographic metasurface based terrestrial users in multi-altitude LEO satellite networks. Firstly, the holographic beamformer is optimized by maximizing the downlink channel gain from the serving satellite to the terrestrial user. Then, the digital beamformer is designed by conceiving a minimum mean square error (MMSE) based detection algorithm for mitigating the interference arriving from other satellites. To dispense with excessive overhead of full channel state information (CSI) acquisition of all satellites, we propose a low-complexity MMSE beamforming algorithm that only relies on the distribution of the LEO satellite constellation harnessing stochastic geometry, which can achieve comparable throughput to that of the algorithm based on the full CSI in the case of a dense LEO satellite deployment. Furthermore, it outperforms the maximum ratio combining (MRC) algorithm, thanks to its inter-satellite interference mitigation capacity. The simulation results show that our proposed holographic metasurface based hybrid beamforming architecture is capable of outperforming the state-of-the-art antenna array architecture in terms of its throughput, given the same physical size of the transceivers. Moreover, we demonstrate that the beamforming performance attained can be substantially improved by taking into account the mutual coupling effect, imposed by the dense placement of the holographic metasurface elements.},
note = {arXiv:2501.04164 [cs]},
keywords = {Array signal processing, Computer architecture, Downlink, holographic metasurface, hybrid beamforming, inter-satellite interference, Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication, Low earth orbit satellites, Metasurfaces, Precoding, Satellite broadcasting, Satellite communications, Satellites, stochastic geometry, Throughput},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are capable of improving the global Internet service coverage. In this context, we propose a hybrid beamforming design for holographic metasurface based terrestrial users in multi-altitude LEO satellite networks. Firstly, the holographic beamformer is optimized by maximizing the downlink channel gain from the serving satellite to the terrestrial user. Then, the digital beamformer is designed by conceiving a minimum mean square error (MMSE) based detection algorithm for mitigating the interference arriving from other satellites. To dispense with excessive overhead of full channel state information (CSI) acquisition of all satellites, we propose a low-complexity MMSE beamforming algorithm that only relies on the distribution of the LEO satellite constellation harnessing stochastic geometry, which can achieve comparable throughput to that of the algorithm based on the full CSI in the case of a dense LEO satellite deployment. Furthermore, it outperforms the maximum ratio combining (MRC) algorithm, thanks to its inter-satellite interference mitigation capacity. The simulation results show that our proposed holographic metasurface based hybrid beamforming architecture is capable of outperforming the state-of-the-art antenna array architecture in terms of its throughput, given the same physical size of the transceivers. Moreover, we demonstrate that the beamforming performance attained can be substantially improved by taking into account the mutual coupling effect, imposed by the dense placement of the holographic metasurface elements.