1.
Smith, Peter J.; Inwood, Amy S.; Matthaiou, Michail; Senanayake, Rajitha
Dimensional Scaling Laws for Continuous Fluid Antenna Systems Journal Article
In: IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 2004–2008, 2025, ISSN: 2162-2345.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 3D antenna geometries, Antennas, Correlation, Fluid antenna systems, Fluids, high SNR probability, random fields, Rayleigh channels, Rayleigh fading, Shape, Signal to noise ratio, Tail, Three-dimensional displays, Training, Wireless communication
@article{smith_dimensional_2025,
title = {Dimensional Scaling Laws for Continuous Fluid Antenna Systems},
author = {Peter J. Smith and Amy S. Inwood and Michail Matthaiou and Rajitha Senanayake},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10965723},
doi = {10.1109/LWC.2025.3560861},
issn = {2162-2345},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-07-01},
urldate = {2025-10-08},
journal = {IEEE Wireless Communications Letters},
volume = {14},
number = {7},
pages = {2004–2008},
abstract = {Consider the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a continuous fluid antenna system (CFAS) operating over a Rayleigh fading channel. In this letter, we extend traditional system assumptions and consider spatially coherent isotropic correlation, continuous positioning of the antenna rather than discrete, and the use of multi-dimensional space (1D, 2D and 3D). By focusing on the upper tail of the received SNR distribution (the high SNR probability (HSP)), we are able to derive asymptotically exact closed-form formulas for the HSP. Finally, these results lead to scaling laws which describe the increase in the HSP as we employ more dimensions and the optimal CFAS dimensions.},
keywords = {3D antenna geometries, Antennas, Correlation, Fluid antenna systems, Fluids, high SNR probability, random fields, Rayleigh channels, Rayleigh fading, Shape, Signal to noise ratio, Tail, Three-dimensional displays, Training, Wireless communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Consider the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a continuous fluid antenna system (CFAS) operating over a Rayleigh fading channel. In this letter, we extend traditional system assumptions and consider spatially coherent isotropic correlation, continuous positioning of the antenna rather than discrete, and the use of multi-dimensional space (1D, 2D and 3D). By focusing on the upper tail of the received SNR distribution (the high SNR probability (HSP)), we are able to derive asymptotically exact closed-form formulas for the HSP. Finally, these results lead to scaling laws which describe the increase in the HSP as we employ more dimensions and the optimal CFAS dimensions.
2.
Meng, Kaitao; Masouros, Christos; Wong, Kai-Kit; Petropulu, Athina P.; Hanzo, Lajos
Integrated Sensing and Communication Meets Smart Propagation Engineering: Opportunities and Challenges Journal Article
In: IEEE Network, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 278–285, 2025, ISSN: 1558-156X.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Antennas, Channel estimation, fluid antennas, Fluids, Integrated sensing and communication, intelligent surfaces, Interference, Mobile antennas, Radio transmitters, smart propagation engineering, Trajectory, Transmitting antennas, Wireless communication
@article{meng_integrated_2025,
title = {Integrated Sensing and Communication Meets Smart Propagation Engineering: Opportunities and Challenges},
author = {Kaitao Meng and Christos Masouros and Kai-Kit Wong and Athina P. Petropulu and Lajos Hanzo},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10833779},
doi = {10.1109/MNET.2025.3527130},
issn = {1558-156X},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-03-01},
urldate = {2025-10-08},
journal = {IEEE Network},
volume = {39},
number = {2},
pages = {278–285},
abstract = {Both smart propagation engineering as well as integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) constitute promising candidates for next-generation (NG) mobile networks. We provide a synergistic view of these technologies, and explore their mutual benefits. First, moving beyond just intelligent surfaces, we provide a holistic view of the engineering aspects of smart propagation environments. By delving into the fundamental characteristics of intelligent surfaces, fluid antennas, and unmanned aerial vehicles, we reveal that more efficient control of the pathloss and fading can be achieved, thus facilitating intrinsic integration and mutual assistance between sensing and communication functionalities. In turn, with the exploitation of the sensing capabilities of ISAC to orchestrate the efficient configuration of radio environments, both the computational effort and signaling overheads can be reduced. We present indicative simulation results, which verify that cooperative smart propagation environment design significantly enhances the ISAC performance. Finally, some promising directions are outlined for combining ISAC with smart propagation engineering.},
keywords = {Antennas, Channel estimation, fluid antennas, Fluids, Integrated sensing and communication, intelligent surfaces, Interference, Mobile antennas, Radio transmitters, smart propagation engineering, Trajectory, Transmitting antennas, Wireless communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Both smart propagation engineering as well as integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) constitute promising candidates for next-generation (NG) mobile networks. We provide a synergistic view of these technologies, and explore their mutual benefits. First, moving beyond just intelligent surfaces, we provide a holistic view of the engineering aspects of smart propagation environments. By delving into the fundamental characteristics of intelligent surfaces, fluid antennas, and unmanned aerial vehicles, we reveal that more efficient control of the pathloss and fading can be achieved, thus facilitating intrinsic integration and mutual assistance between sensing and communication functionalities. In turn, with the exploitation of the sensing capabilities of ISAC to orchestrate the efficient configuration of radio environments, both the computational effort and signaling overheads can be reduced. We present indicative simulation results, which verify that cooperative smart propagation environment design significantly enhances the ISAC performance. Finally, some promising directions are outlined for combining ISAC with smart propagation engineering.