1.
Hanzo, Lajos; Babar, Zunaira; Cai, Zhenyu; Chandra, Daryus; Djordjevic, Ivan B.; Koczor, Balint; Ng, Soon Xin; Razavi, Mohsen; Simeone, Osvaldo
Quantum Information Processing, Sensing, and Communications: Their Myths, Realities, and Futures Journal Article
In: Proceedings of the IEEE, pp. 1–51, 2025, ISSN: 1558-2256.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Codes, Encoding, Error correction codes, Europe, Information processing, Next generation networking, Prevention and mitigation, Quantum communications, Quantum computing, quantum error correction coding, quantum error mitigation, quantum key distribution (QKD), Quantum Machine Learning, quantum sensing, quantum-secured direct communications (QSDC), Qubit, Wireless communication
@article{hanzo_quantum_2025,
title = {Quantum Information Processing, Sensing, and Communications: Their Myths, Realities, and Futures},
author = {Lajos Hanzo and Zunaira Babar and Zhenyu Cai and Daryus Chandra and Ivan B. Djordjevic and Balint Koczor and Soon Xin Ng and Mohsen Razavi and Osvaldo Simeone},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10828532},
doi = {10.1109/JPROC.2024.3510394},
issn = {1558-2256},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-01-01},
urldate = {2025-10-08},
journal = {Proceedings of the IEEE},
pages = {1–51},
abstract = {The recent advances in quantum information processing, sensing, and communications are surveyed with the objective of identifying the associated knowledge gaps and formulating a roadmap for their future evolution. Since the operation of quantum systems is prone to the deleterious effects of decoherence, which manifests itself in terms of bit-flips, phase-flips, or both, the pivotal subject of quantum error mitigation is reviewed both in the presence and absence of quantum coding. The state of the art, knowledge gaps, and future evolution of quantum machine learning (QML) are also discussed, followed by a discourse on quantum radar systems and briefly hypothesizing about the feasibility of integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) in the quantum domain (QD). Finally, we conclude with a set of promising future research ideas in the field of ultimately secure quantum communications with the objective of harnessing ideas from the classical communications field.},
keywords = {Codes, Encoding, Error correction codes, Europe, Information processing, Next generation networking, Prevention and mitigation, Quantum communications, Quantum computing, quantum error correction coding, quantum error mitigation, quantum key distribution (QKD), Quantum Machine Learning, quantum sensing, quantum-secured direct communications (QSDC), Qubit, Wireless communication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The recent advances in quantum information processing, sensing, and communications are surveyed with the objective of identifying the associated knowledge gaps and formulating a roadmap for their future evolution. Since the operation of quantum systems is prone to the deleterious effects of decoherence, which manifests itself in terms of bit-flips, phase-flips, or both, the pivotal subject of quantum error mitigation is reviewed both in the presence and absence of quantum coding. The state of the art, knowledge gaps, and future evolution of quantum machine learning (QML) are also discussed, followed by a discourse on quantum radar systems and briefly hypothesizing about the feasibility of integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) in the quantum domain (QD). Finally, we conclude with a set of promising future research ideas in the field of ultimately secure quantum communications with the objective of harnessing ideas from the classical communications field.
2.
Hawkins, Hugo; Xu, Chao; Yang, Lie-Liang; Hanzo, Lajos
CDMA/OTFS Sensing Outperforms Pure OTFS at the Same Communication Throughput Journal Article
In: IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology, vol. 6, pp. 502–519, 2025, ISSN: 2644-1330.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Channel estimation, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Codes, Complexity theory, Delays, Detectors, Integrated sensing and communication, Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), Multiaccess communication, orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS), sequence spreading, Symbols, Transforms, Uplink
@article{hawkins_cdmaotfs_2025,
title = {CDMA/OTFS Sensing Outperforms Pure OTFS at the Same Communication Throughput},
author = {Hugo Hawkins and Chao Xu and Lie-Liang Yang and Lajos Hanzo},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10849597},
doi = {10.1109/OJVT.2025.3532848},
issn = {2644-1330},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-01-01},
urldate = {2025-10-08},
journal = {IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology},
volume = {6},
pages = {502–519},
abstract = {There is a dearth of publications on the subject of spreading-aided Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) solutions, especially for Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC), even though Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) assisted multi-user OTFS (CDMA/OTFS) exhibits tangible benefits. Hence, this work characterises both the communication Bit Error Rate (BER) and sensing Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) performance of Code Division Multiple Access OTFS (CDMA/OTFS), and contrasts them to pure OTFS. Three CDMA/OTFS configurations are considered: Delay Code Division Multiple Access OTFS (Dl-CDMA/OTFS), Doppler Code Division Multiple Access OTFS (Dp-CDMA/OTFS), and Delay Doppler Code Division Multiple Access OTFS (DD-CDMA/OTFS), which harness direct sequence spreading along the delay axis, Doppler axis, and DD domains respectively. For each configuration, the performance of Gold, Hadamard, and Zadoff-Chu sequences is investigated. The results demonstrate that Zadoff-Chu Dl-CDMA/OTFS and DD-CDMA/OTFS consistently outperform pure OTFS sensing, whilst maintaining a similar communication performance at the same throughput. The extra modulation complexity of CDMA/OTFS is similar to that of other OTFS multi-user methodologies, but the demodulation complexity of CDMA/OTFS is lower than that of some other OTFS multi-user methodologies. CDMA/OTFS sensing can also consistently outperform OTFS sensing whilst not requiring any additional complexity for target parameter estimation. Therefore, CDMA/OTFS is an appealing candidate for implementing multi-user OTFS ISAC.},
keywords = {Channel estimation, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Codes, Complexity theory, Delays, Detectors, Integrated sensing and communication, Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), Multiaccess communication, orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS), sequence spreading, Symbols, Transforms, Uplink},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
There is a dearth of publications on the subject of spreading-aided Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) solutions, especially for Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC), even though Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) assisted multi-user OTFS (CDMA/OTFS) exhibits tangible benefits. Hence, this work characterises both the communication Bit Error Rate (BER) and sensing Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) performance of Code Division Multiple Access OTFS (CDMA/OTFS), and contrasts them to pure OTFS. Three CDMA/OTFS configurations are considered: Delay Code Division Multiple Access OTFS (Dl-CDMA/OTFS), Doppler Code Division Multiple Access OTFS (Dp-CDMA/OTFS), and Delay Doppler Code Division Multiple Access OTFS (DD-CDMA/OTFS), which harness direct sequence spreading along the delay axis, Doppler axis, and DD domains respectively. For each configuration, the performance of Gold, Hadamard, and Zadoff-Chu sequences is investigated. The results demonstrate that Zadoff-Chu Dl-CDMA/OTFS and DD-CDMA/OTFS consistently outperform pure OTFS sensing, whilst maintaining a similar communication performance at the same throughput. The extra modulation complexity of CDMA/OTFS is similar to that of other OTFS multi-user methodologies, but the demodulation complexity of CDMA/OTFS is lower than that of some other OTFS multi-user methodologies. CDMA/OTFS sensing can also consistently outperform OTFS sensing whilst not requiring any additional complexity for target parameter estimation. Therefore, CDMA/OTFS is an appealing candidate for implementing multi-user OTFS ISAC.