@article{krishnamoorthy_optical_2025,

title = {Optical Wireless Communications: Enabling the Next-Generation Network of Networks},

author = {Aravindh Krishnamoorthy and Hossein Safi and Othman Younus and Hossein Kazemi and Isaac N. O. Osahon and Mingqing Liu and Yi Liu and Sina Babadi and Rizwana Ahmad and Asim Ihsan and Behnaz Majlesein and Yifan Huang and Johannes Herrnsdorf and Sujan Rajbhandari and Jonathan J. D. McKendry and Iman Tavakkolnia and Humeyra Caglayan and Henning Helmers and Graham Turnbull and Ifor D. W. Samuel and Martin D. Dawson and Robert Schober and Harald Haas},

url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10974735},

doi = {10.1109/MVT.2025.3555366},

issn = {1556-6080},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-06-01},

urldate = {2025-10-08},

journal = {IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine},

volume = {20},

number = {2},

pages = {20–39},

abstract = {Optical wireless communication (OWC) is a promising technology anticipated to play a key role in the next-generation network of networks (NoNs), especially as a complementary technology to traditional radio-frequency (RF) communications, for enhancing networking capabilities beyond conventional terrestrial networks. OWC is already a mature technology with diverse usage scenarios and can enable integrated applications via wireless access and backhaul networks, dynamic drone and satellite networks, underwater networks, inter- and intrasystem interconnecting networks, and vehicular communication networks. Furthermore, novel and emerging technological opportunities such as photovoltaic cells, orbital angular momentum-based modulation, optical reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, organic light-emitting and photo diodes, and recent advances in ultraviolet communications can help to enhance future OWC capabilities even further. Moreover, OWC networks can also support value-added services such as enhanced positioning and gesture recognition. Hence, OWC provides unique functionalities that can play a crucial role in building convergent and resilient future NoNs alongside RF and optical fiber technologies.},

keywords = {Bandwidth, Fiber optics, Laser beams, Optical fiber communication, Optical fibers, Optical transmitters, Terahertz communications, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Wireless communication, Wireless networks},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{liu_scalable_2025,

title = {A Scalable VCSEL-Array Optical Wireless Transmitter With Experimental Multi-Beam Prototype},

author = {Yi Liu and Wajahat Ali and Rui Chen and Nikolaos Bamiedakis and Ian H. White and Harald Haas and Michael Crisp and Richard V. Penty},

url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11189981},

doi = {10.1109/JLT.2025.3617131},

issn = {1558-2213},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-01},

urldate = {2025-10-17},

journal = {Journal of Lightwave Technology},

pages = {1–7},

abstract = {A 5×5 VCSEL array-based optical wireless communication multi-beam transmitter is designed and simulated. Each element of the array addresses a separate spatial attocell. A microlens-array based homogenizer achieves uniform coverage at the receiver plane from each multi-mode VCSEL output. 1 m2 total coverage is achieved with each attocell covering an area of 400 cm2 at a range of 3 m. For a proof-of-concept demonstration a 1×3 channel VCSEL array-based transmitter prototype is experimentally tested. The performance is verified by demonstrating three channels achieving ∼ 0.12 mW/m2 uniform power with negligible optical interference to adjacent attocells (<-14 dB). With a simple receiver design using low cost, off-the-shelf components, each channel of the transmitter achieves ∼10 Gb/s throughput using OFDM within 7 cm lateral range and > 4 Gb/s within 12 cm lateral range at 3 m. The transmitter meets eye-safety restrictions and could be scaled to 250 Gb/s aggregate data rate by employing all 25 VCSELs with independent OFDM modulation.},

keywords = {Arrays, Free-space optical communication, Interference, Lenses, LRDC, Microoptics, Optical arrays, optical communication equipment, Optical fibers, Optical receivers, Optical transmitters, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, verticalcavity surface-emitting lasers, Wireless communication},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{mckendry_eye_2025,

title = {Eye and skin-safe 150 Mbps Optical Wireless Communications over 1 m using UVC LEDs},

author = {Jonathan J. D. McKendry and Hichem Zimi and Yingjie Shao and Sujan Rajbhandari and Johannes Herrnsdorf and Martin D. Dawson},

url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11007139},

doi = {10.1109/LPT.2025.3571619},

issn = {1941-0174},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-01},

urldate = {2025-10-08},

journal = {IEEE Photonics Technology Letters},

pages = {1–1},

abstract = {We demonstrate an eye and skin-safe optical wireless communication link, at a transmission distance of 1 m, using ultraviolet-C (UVC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting at 235 and 255 nm, with error-free data rates up to 150 Mbps. Irradiance levels at the receiver were maintained within eye and skin-safe exposure limits. Operating at these short wavelengths confers an improvement in received peak signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to previous demonstrations around 270-280 nm, thanks to the higher permitted exposure limits at shorter UVC wavelengths.},

keywords = {Bandwidth, Current measurement, Light emitting diodes, Light-Emitting Diodes, OFDM, Optical receivers, Optical sensors, Optical transmitters, Optical variables measurement, optical wireless communications, OWC, Power measurement, Stimulated emission, Ultraviolet, UVC, Wireless communication},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}